Even so, as a way to procedure the crystal is very Highly developed manufacturing strategies are required. For the reason that dawn of the crystal, working on this problem, we are now the only corporation on this planet which might be processed During this crystal.
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In accordance with the evidence-of-theory experiment, the conversion performance of 23% implied the potential of achieving substantial-electricity at the 2nd Stokes wavelength of your Raman laser. When the pump laser of 1078 nm may very well be received at the common electricity of 50 W, the output electric power of its 2nd Stokes wavelength at 1512 nm can be more than 10 W. The design from the Raman laser cavity ought to be optimized to be able to avoid the destruction of your M1 and diamond surface area.
As an example, The existing concave OC could be replaced by a aircraft mirror which could mitigate the facility density within the area of M1 and also the diamond. Moreover, making use of superior hurt threshold coatings for M1 and diamond would also improve the output power with no damages. Then, the NIR laser within the 2nd Stokes wavelength could possibly be significant sufficient, and also its superior beam top quality, to crank out the ultimate DUV laser at 193 nm with a higher common electrical power.
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On the opposite aspect, the ability scaling from the NIR laser is yet another facet to enhance the regular power on the 193-nm DUV laser. As a result of deficiency of the higher-electricity amplification Option from the NIR laser (one example is at 1553 nm), nonlinear frequency processes including optical parameter oscillation (OPO) can be placed on create a wavelength converter by shifting the wavelength from one μm to the desired wavelength along with acquiring relative better power [21]. Not too long ago, a diamond Raman laser showed its means in obtaining a superior power and a higher conversion performance for the 1st Stokes with the 1-μm laser [22,23], which implies the chance to get applied in the 193-nm DUV laser era as a result of its significant Raman get and large frequency change.
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While in the scientific and industrial programs, the beam quality in the DUV laser is additionally an essential parameter. Particularly, the beam high-quality on the DUV laser considerably influences the laser machining outcomes. The beam high-quality in the DUV laser is decided by that of the basic laser as well as crystal for your frequency conversion. A short while ago, a large-energy DUV laser (>10 W) at 258 nm was described which has a beam top quality of M2 < one.five, which was generated by FHG of a Yb:YAG laser at 1030 nm using the CLBO crystal [13]. This laser would bring on a greater laser machining end result in comparison to the preceding DUV lasers with larger sized M2.
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The beam profile revealed in Determine 7b shown a very good beam excellent as one of the deserves of Raman laser, which might be beneficial to produce a 193-nm DUV laser with a high quality beam.
The conversion effectiveness from essential NIR to DUV is from 5% to 36% in accordance with the documented results in Table one. Growing the conversion efficiency will lessen the burden on the look and setup of the basic laser amplifier in addition to the electric powered electrical power use. An excellent beam high-quality of the fundamental laser can even add for the raising of the conversion efficiency and also the right power intensity in the NIR and inexperienced laser from the SHG and FHG system, respectively. The best conversion efficiencies from NIR to environmentally friendly and environmentally friendly to DUV laser by usage of CLBO crystal are 70% and close to fifty%, respectively [12], which corresponds towards the conversion efficiency of 35% from essential to DUV.
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